Mbiri ya Thermistor ndi chiyambi
NTC thermistor ndi chidule cha Negative Temperature Coefficient thermistor.Thermistor =Thermally sensitive resistor, izo zinapezeka mu 1833 ndi Michael Faraday, amene anali kufufuza silver sulfide semiconductors, iye anaona kuti siliva sulfides kukana unachepa pamene kutentha kuchuluka, ndiyeno malonda ndi Samuel Reuben mu 1930s, asayansi anapeza kuti cuprous okusayidi ndi mkuwa okusayidi alinso ndi kutentha koyenera kokwanira ndi ntchito yozungulira, ndipo iwo anali kugwilitsa ntchito kutentha kwa ndege. Pambuyo pake, chifukwa chakukula kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa transistor, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika pakufufuza kwa ma thermistors, ndipo mu 1960, ma thermitors a NTC adapangidwa, ali mgulu lalikulu la ma thermistors.zongokhala chete.
NTC Thermistor ndi mtundu wachabwino ceramic semiconductor thermal elementamene sintered ndi angapo kusintha zitsulo oxides, makamaka Mn(manganese), Ni(nickel), Co(cobalt) monga zopangira, Mn3-xMxO4 (M=Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, etc.)mokulirandi kutentha kowonjezereka. Mwachindunji, resistivity ndi zakuthupi mosalekeza zimasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zikuchokera, sintering atmosphere, sintering kutentha ndi structural boma.
Chifukwa kukana kwake kumasinthandendendendimoneneratupoyankha kusintha kwakung'ono kwa kutentha kwa thupi (Mlingo wa kukana kwake kusintha kumadalira zosiyanasiyanamagawo formulations), kuphatikiza ndi yaying'ono, yokhazikika komanso yokhudzidwa kwambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zodziwira kutentha kwa nyumba zanzeru, zofufuzira zamankhwala, komanso pazida zowongolera kutentha kwa zida zapakhomo, mafoni am'manja, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwa zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukirapo m'magalimoto ndi magawo atsopano amagetsi.
1. Matanthauzo Oyamba ndi Mfundo Zogwirira Ntchito
Kodi NTC Thermistor ndi chiyani?
■ Tanthauzo:A Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor ndi gawo la ceramic la semiconductor lomwe kukana kwake kumachepa.mokulirapamene kutentha kumawonjezeka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyezera kutentha, kubwezera kutentha, komanso kupondereza kwaposachedwa kwa inrush.
■ Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito:Opangidwa kuchokera ku transition metal oxides (mwachitsanzo, mangane ese, cobalt, faifi tambala), kusintha kwa kutentha kumasintha kuchuluka kwa chonyamulira mkati mwazinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa kukana.
Kuyerekeza kwa Mitundu ya Sensor Kutentha
| Mtundu | Mfundo yofunika | Ubwino wake | Zoipa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mtengo wa NTC | Kukana kumasiyanasiyana ndi kutentha | Kukhudzika kwakukulu, mtengo wotsika | Kutulutsa kopanda mzere |
| RTD | Kukana kwachitsulo kumasiyanasiyana ndi kutentha | Kulondola kwakukulu, mzere wabwino | Mtengo wapamwamba, kuyankha pang'onopang'ono |
| Thermocouple | Thermoelectric effect (voltage yopangidwa ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha) | Kutentha kwakukulu (-200 ° C mpaka 1800 ° C) | Pamafunika chipukuta misozi ozizira, chizindikiro chofooka |
| Digital Kutentha Sensor | Amasintha kutentha kukhala digito | Kuphatikiza kosavuta ndi ma microcontrollers, kulondola kwambiri | Kutentha kochepa, mtengo wapamwamba kuposa NTC |
| LPTC (Linear PTC) | Kukaniza kumawonjezeka mofanana ndi kutentha | Liniya yosavuta kutulutsa, yabwino kuteteza kutentha kwambiri | Kumverera kochepa, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kocheperako |
2. Ma Parameters Ofunika Kwambiri ndi Terminology
Core Parameters
■ Kukana Mwadzina (R25):
Kukana kwa ziro-mphamvu pa 25 ° C, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 1kΩ mpaka 100kΩ.Zithunzi za XIXITRONICSakhoza makonda kukumana 0.5～5000kΩ
■B Mtengo (Thermal Index):
Tanthauzo: B = (T1 · T2) / (T2-T1) · ln (R1 / R2), kusonyeza kukhudzidwa kwa kukana kusintha kwa kutentha (gawo: K).
Mtundu wa B wamba: 3000K mpaka 4600K (mwachitsanzo, B25/85=3950K)
XIXITRONICS ikhoza kusinthidwa kuti ikwaniritse 2500 ~ 5000K
■ Kulondola (Kulekerera):
Kupatuka kwa mtengo wokana (mwachitsanzo, ± 1%, ± 3%) ndi kuyeza koyezera kutentha (mwachitsanzo, ± 0.5 ° C).
XIXITRONICS ikhoza kusinthidwa kuti ikwaniritse ± 0.2 ℃ mumitundu ya 0 ℃ mpaka 70 ℃, kulondola kwambiri kumatha kufika 0.05℃.
■Factor Dissipation (δ):
Chizindikiro chosonyeza kudzitenthetsa, kuyeza mu mW/°C (kutsika kumatanthauza kudziwotcha pang'ono).
■Nthawi Zonse (τ):
Nthawi yofunikira kuti thermistor iyankhe pa 63.2% ya kusintha kwa kutentha (mwachitsanzo, masekondi 5 m'madzi, masekondi 20 mumlengalenga).
Technical Terms
■ Steinhart-Hart Equation:
Chitsanzo cha masamu chofotokozera ubale wotsutsa-kutentha wa NTC thermistors:
(T: Kutentha kwenikweni, R: Resistance, A/B/C: Constants)
■ α (Kutentha kwapakati):
Mlingo wa kukana kusintha pakusintha kwa kutentha kwa unit:
■ RT Table (Resistance-Temperature Table):
Tebulo lolozera lomwe likuwonetsa kukana kokhazikika pamatenthedwe osiyanasiyana, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera kapena kapangidwe ka dera.
3. Ntchito Zofananira za NTC Thermistors
Minda Yofunsira
1. Kutentha:
o Zida zapakhomo (zofewa, mafiriji), zida zamafakitale, magalimoto (paketi ya batri/motor kutentha).
2. Malipiro a Kutentha:
oKulipirira kutentha kwa kutentha muzinthu zina zamagetsi (monga ma crystal oscillator, ma LED).
3. Kuponderezedwa Panopa kwa Inrush:
oKugwiritsa ntchito kukana kuzizira kwambiri kuti muchepetse kulowererapo panthawi yoyambira magetsi.
Circuit Design Zitsanzo
• Chigawo cha Voltage Divider:
(Kutentha kumawerengedwa powerenga magetsi kudzera pa ADC.)
• Linearization Njira:
Kuonjezera zopinga zosasunthika mumndandanda/zofanana kuti mukwaniritse zotulutsa zopanda mzere za NTC (kuphatikizapo zojambula zozungulira).
4. Zida Zaumisiri ndi Zida
Zida Zaulere
•Datasheets:Phatikizani magawo atsatanetsatane, miyeso, ndi zoyeserera.
•RT Table Excel (PDF) template: Amalola makasitomala kuti ayang'ane mwachangu zomwe zimatsutsana ndi kutentha.
oZolinga Zopangira NTC mu Lithium Battery Temperature Protection
oKupititsa patsogolo Kulondola kwa Kuyeza kwa NTC Kupyolera mu Kuwongolera Mapulogalamu
Zida Zapaintaneti
• B Mtengo Calculator:Lowetsani T1/R1 ndi T2/R2 kuti muwerengere mtengo wa B.
•Kutentha Kutembenuka Chida: Kukana kolowera kuti mupeze kutentha kofananira (kumathandizira Steinhart-Hart equation).
5. Malangizo Opanga (Kwa Mainjiniya)
Pewani Zolakwitsa Zodzitenthetsera:Onetsetsani kuti ntchitoyo ili pansi pazomwe zafotokozedwa mu datasheet (mwachitsanzo, 10μA).
• Kuteteza chilengedwe:Pamalo a chinyezi kapena dzimbiri, gwiritsani ntchito ma NTC okhala ndi galasi kapena zokutira epoxy.
• Maupangiri owongolera:Limbikitsani kulondola kwadongosolo poyesa kuwongolera mfundo ziwiri (mwachitsanzo, 0°C ndi 100°C).
6.Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQ)
1. Q: Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa NTC ndi PTC thermistors?
o A: PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) ma thermitors amawonjezera kukana ndi kutentha ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza mopitilira muyeso, pomwe ma thermistors a NTC amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera kutentha ndi kulipira.
2. Q: Mungasankhire bwanji mtengo wabwino wa B?
o A: Makhalidwe apamwamba a B (mwachitsanzo, B25/85=4700K) amapereka chidwi kwambiri ndipo ndi oyenera kutentha pang'ono, pamene ma B otsika (mwachitsanzo, B25/50=3435K) ndi abwino kwa kutentha kwakukulu.
3. Q: Kodi kutalika kwa waya kumakhudza kulondola kwa kuyeza?
oA: Inde, mawaya aatali amayambitsa kukana kwina, komwe kumatha kulipidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira mawaya atatu kapena 4.
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