Momwe Mungaweruzire Ubwino wa Thermistor? Momwe Mungasankhire Thermistor Yoyenera Pazosowa Zanu?

Kuwona momwe chotenthetsera chimagwirira ntchito ndikusankha chinthu choyenera kumafuna kuganizira mozama zaukadaulo komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Nawu kalozera watsatanetsatane:

I. Momwe Mungaweruzire Ubwino wa Thermistor?

Zofunikira zazikulu zowunikira ndizofunikira pakuwunika:

1. Kukana Mwadzina (R25):

• Tanthauzo:Mtengo wotsutsa pa kutentha kwapadera (nthawi zambiri 25 ° C).
• Kuweruza Kwabwino:Mtengo wodziwika womwewo si wabwino kapena woyipa; chinsinsi chake ndi chakuti chikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe a dera logwiritsira ntchito (mwachitsanzo, voliyumu yogawa mphamvu, kuchepetsa panopa). Kusasinthasintha (kufalikira kwa zikhalidwe zokana mkati mwa gulu lomwelo) ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha kupanga - kubalalitsidwa kwakung'ono kuli bwino.
• Zindikirani:NTC ndi PTC ali ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana yokana ku 25°C (NTC: ohms to megohms, PTC: nthawi zambiri ohms mpaka mazana a ohms).

2. B Mtengo (Beta Value):

• Tanthauzo:Chizindikiro chofotokozera kukhudzika kwa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa thermistor ndi kutentha. Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza mtengo wa B pakati pa kutentha kwapadera kuwiri (mwachitsanzo, B25/50, B25/85).
• Ndondomeko Yowerengera: B = (T1 * T2) / (T2 - T1) * ln(R1/R2)
• Kuweruza Kwabwino:
  • NTC:Mtengo wapamwamba wa B umasonyeza kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kutentha ndi kutentha. Makhalidwe apamwamba a B amapereka kusintha kwakukulu pakuyezera kutentha koma kumayipitsitsa pamzere wa kutentha kwakukulu. Kusasinthika (kubalalika kwa mtengo wa B mkati mwa gulu) ndikofunikira.
  • PTC:Mtengo wa B (ngakhale kutentha kokwana α kumakhala kofala kwambiri) kumafotokoza kuchuluka kwa kukana kutsika pansi pa Curie point. Pakusintha mapulogalamu, kutsetsereka kwa kukana kulumpha pafupi ndi malo a Curie (α mtengo) ndikofunikira.
  • Zindikirani:Opanga osiyanasiyana angatanthauze mfundo za B pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha (T1/T2); onetsetsani kusinthasintha pofananiza.

3. Kulondola (Kulekerera):

• Tanthauzo:Kupatuka kovomerezeka kumasiyana pakati pa mtengo weniweni ndi mtengo wamwadzina. Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa ngati:
  • Kulondola Kwamtengo Wapatali:Kupatuka kovomerezeka kwa kukana kwenikweni kuchokera kukana mwadzina pa 25 ° C (mwachitsanzo, ± 1%, ± 3%, ± 5%).
  • B Kulondola kwa Mtengo:Kupatuka kovomerezeka kwa mtengo weniweni wa B kuchokera ku mtengo wa B (mwachitsanzo, ± 0.5%, ±1%, ±2%).
  • Kuweruza Kwabwino:Kulondola kwapamwamba kumasonyeza ntchito yabwino, nthawi zambiri pamtengo wokwera. Mapulogalamu olondola kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, kuyeza kutentha, mabwalo olipira) amafunikira zinthu zolondola kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, ± 1% R25, ± 0.5% B mtengo). Zogulitsa zolondola kwambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosafunikira kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, kutetezedwa kopitilira muyeso, kuwonetsa kutentha).

4. Kutentha kwapakati (α):

• Tanthauzo:Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kumasintha ndi kutentha (nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi kutentha kwa 25 ° C). Kwa NTC, α = - (B / T²) (%/°C); kwa PTC, pali kachidutswa kakang'ono ka α pansi pa mfundo ya Curie, yomwe imakwera kwambiri pafupi nayo.
• Kuweruza Kwabwino:A mkulu | α| mtengo (zopanda NTC, zabwino kwa PTC pafupi ndi malo osinthira) ndi mwayi pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuyankha mwachangu kapena kumva kwambiri. Komabe, izi zikutanthawuzanso kucheperako kogwira ntchito kosiyanasiyana komanso mzere woyipa kwambiri.

5. Kutentha kwa Nthawi Zonse (τ):

• Tanthauzo:Pansi paziro-mphamvu, nthawi yofunikira kuti kutentha kwa thermistor kusinthe ndi 63.2% ya kusiyana konseko pamene kutentha kozungulira kumasintha.
• Kuweruza Kwabwino:Kucheperako nthawi kumatanthauza kuyankha mwachangu kukusintha kwa kutentha komwe kumakhala. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuyeza kutentha kapena kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu (monga kuteteza kutentha, kuzindikira kutuluka kwa mpweya). Kukhazikika kwa nthawi kumatengera kukula kwa phukusi, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwazinthu, komanso kusinthasintha kwamafuta. Ma NTC ang'onoang'ono, osapangidwa ndi mikanda amayankha mwachangu kwambiri.

6. Kuwonongeka Kokhazikika (δ):

• Tanthauzo:Mphamvu yofunikira kukweza kutentha kwa thermistor ndi 1 ° C pamwamba pa kutentha kozungulira chifukwa cha kutha kwa mphamvu yake (unit: mW/°C).
• Kuweruza Kwabwino:Kutentha kosalekeza kumatanthauza kuchepetsa kudzitenthetsa (ie, kukwera kochepa kwa kutentha kwa panopa). Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuyezera kutentha kolondola, chifukwa kudziwotcha pang'ono kumatanthauza zolakwika zazing'ono. Ma thermitors okhala ndi zosinthira zotsika (zochepa, phukusi lotsekeredwa ndi thermally) amakhala ndi zolakwa zazikulu zodziwotcha kuchokera pakuyezetsa komweko.

7. Maximum Power Rating (Pmax):

• Tanthauzo:Mphamvu yayikulu yomwe thermistor imatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwanthawi yayitali pa kutentha komwe kumapangidwira popanda kuwonongeka kapena kusuntha kokhazikika.
• Kuweruza Kwabwino:Ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zowononga mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito ndi malire okwanira (nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa). Resistors omwe ali ndi mphamvu zapamwamba zogwirira ntchito ndizodalirika kwambiri.

8. Kutentha kosiyanasiyana:

• Tanthauzo:Kutentha kozungulira komwe chotenthetsera chimatha kugwira ntchito moyenera pomwe magawo amakhala mkati mwa malire olondola.
• Kuweruza Kwabwino:Kutalikirana kumatanthawuza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu. Onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kotsika kwambiri mu pulogalamuyi kugwera mkati mwamtunduwu.

9. Kukhazikika ndi Kudalirika:

• Tanthauzo:Kutha kukhalabe osasunthika kukana ndi ma B pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kapena mutatha kukwera njinga yamoto komanso kusungirako kutentha kwambiri/kutsika.
• Kuweruza Kwabwino:Kukhazikika kwapamwamba ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito molondola. Ma NTC okhala ndi magalasi kapena opangidwa mwapadera amakhala ndi kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kuposa opangidwa ndi epoxy. Kupirira kwakusintha (chiwerengero cha masinthidwe omwe amatha kupirira popanda kulephera) ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu chodalirika cha ma PTC.

II. Momwe Mungasankhire Thermistor Yoyenera Pazosowa Zanu?

Kusankhidwa kumaphatikizapo kufananiza magawo a magwiridwe antchito ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito:

1. Dziwani Mtundu Wofunsira:Awa ndiye maziko.

• Kuyeza kwa Kutentha: NTCamakondedwa. Yang'anani pa kulondola (R ndi B mtengo), kukhazikika, kutentha kwa ntchito, kutentha kwapadera (kutentha kosalekeza), liwiro la kuyankha (nthawi zonse), mzere (kapena ngati malipiro a mzere akufunika), ndi mtundu wa phukusi (probe, SMD, galasi-encapsulated).
• Malipiro a Kutentha: NTCamagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri (kubweza kukwera mu transistors, makhiristo, etc.). Onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa NTC kumagwirizana ndi zomwe zalipidwa, ndikuyika patsogolo kukhazikika ndi kulondola.
• Inrush Current Limiting: NTCamakondedwa. Zofunikira zazikulu ndizoNominal Resistance Value (imatsimikizira zotsatira zoyambirira), Maximum Steady-State Current/Power(amazindikira mphamvu yogwirira ntchito nthawi yanthawi zonse),Maximum Surge Current Withstand(mtengo wa I²t kapena nsonga yapamwamba pamawonekedwe enaake), ndiNthawi Yobwezeretsa(nthawi yoziziritsa mpaka kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono pambuyo pozimitsa magetsi, zomwe zimakhudza kusinthasintha pafupipafupi).
• Kutentha Kwambiri / Kutetezedwa Kwambiri: PTC(ma fuse osinthika) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
  • Chitetezo cha Kutentha Kwambiri:Sankhani PTC yokhala ndi mfundo ya Curie pamwamba pang'ono kuposa kutentha kwanthawi zonse. Yang'anani pa kutentha kwaulendo, nthawi yaulendo, kusinthanso kutentha, voliyumu yovotera/pano.
  • Chitetezo Chokhazikika:Sankhani PTC yokhala ndi mphamvu yogwira pamwamba pang'ono yomwe ikugwira ntchito pakalipano ndi ulendo wapano pansi pamlingo womwe ungayambitse kuwonongeka. Zofunikira zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikiza kugwirizira panopa, ulendo wapano, max voltage, max current, nthawi yaulendo, kukana.
  • Kuzindikira Kwamadzi / Kuyenda Kwamadzi: NTCamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito kudziwotcha kwake. Zofunikira zazikulu ndikutaya nthawi zonse, nthawi yotentha nthawi zonse (liwiro la kuyankha), mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, ndi phukusi (liyenera kukana kuwononga kwa media).

2. Dziwani Zofunikira Zofunikira:Chepetsani zosowa potengera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.

• MuyezoKutentha kocheperako komanso kokwanira kuyeza.
• Chofunikira Pakuyezera Kulondola:Ndi kutentha kotani komwe kuli kovomerezeka? Izi zimatsimikizira kukana kofunikira komanso kalasi yolondola ya B.
• Kuthamanga Kofunikira:Kodi kusintha kwa kutentha kuyenera kudziwika mwachangu bwanji? Izi zimatsimikizira nthawi yofunikira yokhazikika, zomwe zimakhudza kusankha kwa phukusi.
• Chiyankhulo Chozungulira:Udindo wa thermistor mu dera (voltage divider? mndandanda panopa limiter?). Izi zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kukana kofunikira ndikuyendetsa panopa/voltage, zomwe zimakhudza kuwerengera zolakwika pakudziwotcha.
• Zachilengedwe:Chinyezi, dzimbiri mankhwala, makina kupsyinjika, kufunika kutchinjiriza? Izi zimakhudza mwachindunji kusankha kwa phukusi (mwachitsanzo, epoxy, galasi, sheath yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zokutira silicone, SMD).
• Malire Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu:Kodi dera lingapereke bwanji ma drive current? Ndi kutentha kochuluka bwanji komwe kumaloledwa? Izi zimatsimikizira kuvomerezeka kovomerezeka kosalekeza ndikuyendetsa mulingo wapano.
• Zofunikira Zodalirika:Mukufuna kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali? Muyenera kupirira kusintha pafupipafupi? Mukufuna mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba/yoyimilira pano?
• Zolepheretsa Kukula:PCB malo? Malo okwera?

3. Sankhani NTC kapena PTC:Kutengera Gawo 1 (mtundu wa ntchito), izi zimatsimikiziridwa.

4. Zosefera Zosefera:

• Funsani Manufacturer Datasheets:Iyi ndiyo njira yolunjika komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Opanga akuluakulu akuphatikiza Vishay, TDK (EPCOS), Murata, Semitec, Littelfuse,TR Ceramic, etc.
• Machesi Parameters:Kutengera zofunikira zomwe zazindikirika mu Gawo 2, fufuzani ma data amomwe amakumana nawo pakukana mwadzina, mtengo wa B, giredi yolondola, kutentha kwa magwiridwe antchito, kukula kwa phukusi, kusasintha, kukhazikika kwa nthawi, mphamvu zazikulu, ndi zina zambiri.
• Mtundu wa Phukusi:
  • Surface Mount Chipangizo (SMD):Kukula kwakung'ono, koyenera kwa SMT yapamwamba kwambiri, yotsika mtengo. Kuthamanga kwapakatikati, kutayika kwapakatikati kosasintha, kutsika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu. Makulidwe wamba: 0201, 0402, 0603, 0805, etc.
  • Glass-Encapsulated:Kuyankha mwachangu kwambiri (nthawi yaying'ono nthawi zonse), kukhazikika bwino, kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Yaing'ono koma yofooka. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pachimake pazitsulo zolondola za kutentha.
  • Epoxy-Coated:Mtengo wotsika, chitetezo china. Kuthamanga kwapakati, kukhazikika, ndi kukana kutentha.
  • Axial / Radial Lead:Kugwira mwamphamvu kwambiri, kosavuta kuwotcherera pamanja kapena kuyika mabowo.
  • Chitsulo / Pulasitiki Yotsekedwa:Zosavuta kukwera komanso zotetezeka, zimapereka kutsekereza, kutsekereza madzi, kukana dzimbiri, chitetezo chamakina. Kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono (kumadalira nyumba / kudzazidwa). Zoyenera ku mafakitale, zida zamagetsi zomwe zimafunikira kuyika modalirika.
  • Mtundu wa Surface Mount Power:Zapangidwira kuti zichepetse kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwambiri, kukula kokulirapo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwamphamvu.

5. Ganizirani Mtengo ndi Kupezeka kwake:Sankhani chitsanzo chotsika mtengo chomwe chili ndi katundu wokhazikika komanso nthawi zovomerezeka zovomerezeka zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwira ntchito. Zolondola kwambiri, phukusi lapadera, zitsanzo zoyankha mofulumira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula.

6. Chitani Mayeso Ovomerezeka Ngati Pakufunika:Pazofunikira kwambiri, makamaka zokhudzana ndi kulondola, liwiro la kuyankha, kapena kudalirika, zitsanzo zoyeserera pansi pa zochitika zenizeni kapena zoyeserera.

Chidule cha Njira Zosankhira

1. Kutanthauzira Zofunikira:Kodi ntchito ndi chiyani? Kuyeza chiyani? Kuteteza chiyani? Kubwezera chiyani?
2. Dziwani Mtundu:NTC (Measure/Compensate/Limit) kapena PTC (Tetezani)?
3. Quantify Parameters:Kutentha kosiyanasiyana? Zolondola? Liwiro loyankhira? Mphamvu? Kukula? Chilengedwe?
4. Chongani Datasheets:Zosefera zosankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa, yerekezerani matebulo a parameter.
5. Ndemanga Phukusi:Sankhani phukusi loyenera kutengera chilengedwe, kukwera, kuyankha.
6. Fananizani Mtengo:Sankhani chitsanzo chachuma chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira.
7. Tsimikizirani:Yesani kuyesa kwa zitsanzo muzochitika zenizeni kapena zofananira pazofunikira kwambiri.

Mwa kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane magawo a magwiridwe antchito ndikuphatikiza ndi zofunikira zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito, mutha kuweruza bwino mtundu wa thermistor ndikusankha yoyenera kwambiri pulojekiti yanu. Kumbukirani, palibe chotenthetsera "chabwino kwambiri", chokhacho chotenthetsera "choyenera kwambiri" pa ntchito inayake. Panthawi yosankha, ma sheets atsatanetsatane ndizomwe mumakhulupirira kwambiri.